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Objective To establish a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) through the optimization of the chromatographic conditions, which can detect the contents of clenbuterol hydrochloride (CL) residues in animal edible product in a large quantity. Methods The animal edible product were extracted by perchloric acid, and then impurities were removed by liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) which used ethyl acetate- isopropanol. After the organic phase was concentrated, C18 column (150 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) was used to separate CL. Mobile phase were methanol-sodium dihydrogen phosphate, and then determined by HPLC. Results A good linear response was obtained over the range of 0.2-10.0 μg/mL with the correlation coefficient (r) 0.99984. The method determination limit was 0.15 μg/kg which was lower than the National standard method 0.5μg/kg. The retention time of the CL was 6.51 min, the chromatographic peak was good. The recovery rates spiked with standards 1.6-12 μg were 92.86％-100.93％, which was higher than National standard method (89.79％-92.36％) . The precision of intra-day and inter-day were both under 5％, which lower than National standard. Conclusion The optimized chromatographic conditions are suitable for the large quantity determination of clenbuterol hydrochloride in animal edible product.
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Objective To investigate the effect on radioactivity in drinking water around Qinshan nuclear power station (QNPS)in normal operational condition.Methods The field monitoring and laboratory analysis methods were adopted to detect the total radioactivity level in drinking water in 2015,according to different distances from the nuclear island and different types of water.Results The total alpha and total beta radioactivity level in drinking water around QNPS were 0.027(0.098)Bq /L and 0.263(0.071)Bq /L respectively,which were obviously lower than the national health standard limits(total alpha and total beta are 0.5,1.0 Bq /L respectively).Total radioactivity level had no relation with the distance from the nuclear island (P >0.05).The total alpha radioactivity in deep well water was the highest among the investigated three types of drinking water,and the highest value was 0.224 Bq /L.The beta radioactivity level in river water was the highest,and the highest value was 0.408 Bq /L.The total alpha radioactivity level was 0.017 (0.013)Bq /L in 2015, higher than the average level during 2010—2014.The beta radioactivity average level was 0.319 (0.102)and 0.289 (0.055)Bq /L,also higher than the average level during 2010—2014.Conclusion The total radioactivity in drinking water among nuclear power plant is in normal background level,so at present there is no effect of the radioactive contamination on drinking water around QNPS in nuclear power plant's normal operational condition.
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Objective Aselectivitystudywasconductedthroughtheexaminationofradionuclides137Cs(Cesium-137)for foodbasedondifferentdetectionconditions.Methods Atotalof48foodsampleswereselectedfromthreeareasincluding Qinshan nuclear power plant,Sanmen nuclear power plant and Hangzhou and Zhoushan respectively.1 37 Cs of these samples were determined by γspectrometry and Phosphoric acid ammonium molybdate method.The level of 48 foods were statistically analyzed,and then the time consuming,sample size requirements,influence factors were comprehensively discussed,thustheselectionreferenceproposaloftheexaminationmethodcouldbeprovided.Results Therewereno significant difference for the data of two examination method (P>0.05 ).The limit of detection of the γspectrometry was lower (P <0.05 ).Compared with Phosphoric acid ammonium molybdate method,γspectrometry had lower limit of detection,and could detect a variety of radionuclides at a time,but need more sample and time-consuming when multi-sample were detected.The limit of detection of the Phosphoric acid ammonium molybdate method was high,and the chemicalprocessingstepswerecumbersomeandwaseasytobeinterferedby134Cs.Conclusion Thelimitofdetectionof the γspectrometry is low,and the sensitivity of the Phosphoric acid ammonium molybdate method is high.Most food are recommended to be detected by γspectrometry in the practical work,and the food which were difficult collected,less ash or low content,are recommended to be detected by Phosphoric acid ammonium molybdate method.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study DNA damage of human peripheral blood lymphocytes exposed to 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCE) with flow cytometry (FCM) assay.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The lymphocytes were obtained from 21 workers who are occupationally exposed to 1,2-DCE (exposed group) and 27 workers who were not exposed to 1,2-DCE in the same factory (inner control) and 28 island residents who had never been occupationally exposed to adverse factors (external control). FCM assay was adopted to detect DNA damage of the lymphocytes of each group. Lymphocytes of the health people were incubated with 1,2-DCE at different doses, and FCM assay was used to detect DNA damage.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>DNA damage rate (%) of the exposed group of exposed workers (4.05% ± 2.55%) was significantly higher than the inner control group of workers (1.97% ± 1.40%) and external control groups of island residents (0.23% ± 0.13%), and the DNA damage of inner control was higher than the external control, all the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). The geometric mean fluorescence intensity of the workers in the exposed group (3.33 ± 3.01) was significantly higher than the (2.07 ± 0.58) only (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the DNA damage rate as well as the geometric mean fluorescence intensity among the exposed group of workers with different years of working period (P > 0.05). In vitro, the fluorescence intensity at the dose of 20, 30 µmol/L for 0.5 h exposure showed statistical significance compared with the negative control group (P < 0.01). The DNA damage rate at the dose of 20, 30 µmol/L for 1.0 h exposure was statistically significant compared with the negative control group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01); The fluorescence intensity at the dose of 10, 20, 30 µmol/L for 1.0 h exposure was statistically significant compared with the negative control group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>1,2-DEC can cause DNA damage. And γH2AX FCM assay can be a sensitive, objective and effective method of detecting DNA damage of peripheral blood lymphocytes.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Cell Survival , Comet Assay , DNA Damage , Ethylene Dichlorides , Toxicity , Flow Cytometry , Methods , Lymphocyte Count , Lymphocytes , Occupational ExposureABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study DNA damage of workers occupationally exposed to lead with flow cytometer assay.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The lymphocytes were obtained from 41 workers occupationally exposed to lead (comparable group) and another 50 from control group. Flow cytometer (FCM) assay was used to detect DNA damage.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>DNA damage rate and geometric mean fluorescence intensity in the comparable group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the DNA damage and geometric mean fluorescence intensity between different age groups (P>0.05). The differences in correlation analysis between blood lead, urine lead, delta-ALA and DNA damage rate were not significant (P>0.05). The correlation analysis showed no statistical significance between concentration of blood lead, urine lead, delta-ALA and geometric mean fluorescence intensity (P>0.05). There was positive correlations not only between the high concentration of blood lead, delta-ALA and damage rate of DNA, but also between the high concentration of blood lead and geometric mean fluorescence intensity. The coefficient r showed statistical significance (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Occupational lead exposure can cause DNA damage. Gamma H2AX flow cytometer assay is a sensitive, objective and effective method for detection of DNA damage of peripheral blood lymphocytes.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , DNA Damage , Flow Cytometry , Lead , Lymphocytes , Occupational ExposureABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the apoptosis-inducing effect of DMF on the human liver cells (HL-7702) in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Liver cells were exposed to different concentrations of DMF (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 mmol/L) for 12 hours. Apoptotic rate, the expression of Bax, Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 in liver cells were measured by FCM and western blotting respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The increase in apoptotic rate of hepatocytes in concentration-manner was shown after DMF treatment for 12 h. After treatment the expression of Bcl-2 was decreased steadily and lower than the control group (P < 0.01), the expression of Bax showed no significant difference among the groups of different dosage by one-factor analysis of variance (P > 0.05), as the increase of the dosage of DMF. The ratio of Bcl-2/Bax dropped with the dosage of DMF increasing, and the ratio in 200 mmol/L of DMF was significantly lower than that of the control (P < 0.01). The new lands of procaspase-3 in 150, 200 mmol/L were observed, which demonstrated that there was active caspase-3.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>DMF can induce apoptosis of cultured adult normal hepatocytes in vitro, and the mechanism might be related to the decrease of Bcl-2/Bax and the cleavage of Caspase-3.</p>